A review indicates obesity may amplify pathophysiology in HFrEF rather than acting as a primary cause, though weight loss data remain inconclusive.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a common autoimmune disease, and approximately 30%-40% of patients develop pulmonary complications such as idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), but the causal relationship ...

This new study using UK Biobank data reports that smoking is a causal factor in early menopause. Genetic risk also plays a role. Eliminating smoking led to a 33% reduction in early menopause. The ...

The surge in enterprise AI has fueled interest in causal analysis. In this piece, I explore the threads that bind cause and effect - and how they can be applied across a range of industry scenarios.